Slavery And The Making Of American Capitalism - 1153 Words

Jose Arciga Robert Dean History 110 11.10.15 Essay Prompt The Half Has Never Been Told :Slavery and the making of American Capitalism Back when America was being shaped, tobacco was the main slave produced trade in the colonies. Plantations all across the south had a majority of the slaves from Africa brought here on ships. Forced to work for their slave owners. Tobacco wasn t the only booming business. Cotton soon came into the picture, the north was a more industrial economy, while the south remained agricultural. The most important economic development in the mid-19th century was the shift from the upper south to lower south. The upper south relied on tobacco , it was very unstable , and the land was used. So the shift to cotton was a necessity. Slavery was huge in america, and it even lead to a civil war, it lasted a very long time, from 1619-1865. We still struggle with slavery today because we still struggle with its legacy. Without cotton the north would not have been able to industrialize, at least not as quickly because cotton textiles were one of the first industrially produced products and the most important commodity in world trade by the 19th century. Almost every plantation owner bought slaves. The south was so plowed into slaves there was little room for technological advances, like railroads, I think the south sucked at the civil war thing because of that reason. In short slavery dominated the south, shaping it both economically and culturally. It’sShow MoreRelatedThe Half Has Never Been Told : Slavery And The Making Of American Capitalism Essay3355 Words   |  14 Pageslatest book, The Half Has Never Been Told: Slavery and the Making of American Capitalism (2014), this one sentence spawned a massive co nversation online regarding the reality of slavery’s brutal nature and its standing in the economic development of, not only the South, but the nation. The incorporation of economics into the conversation on slavery dates back to 1965 with the publication of Eugene Genovese’s first book, The Political Economy of Slavery, wherein he argues that economic developmentRead MoreThe Role Of Capitalism And Reproduction During The Middle Passage1492 Words   |  6 PagesThe Role of Capitalism and Reproduction in Commodification (title) From the first voyage of the Middle Passage, American slavery has been dependent on the systematic depletion of human beings as economic assets. This commodification process persisted throughout the course of slavery, solidifying slaves role as property in America. Rooted at the very core of slavery, capitalism motivated whites to view the enslaved as property, rather than humans, to protect their economic interests. In orderRead MoreSlavery And The Civil War1641 Words   |  7 PagesThe American civil war was in no doubt the most crucial event in history. No other war compares or even comes close to the casualties suffered. It helped conserve and maintain the Union, drastically changed the relationship between the federal and states government, and led to slavery’s abolition. This war has also stirred up many conflicts until this day about the conflicts and causes. Among the countless and even undiscovered questions comes the most common as being why the Southern states wer eRead MoreModern Historical Debate Surrounding The Anglo-American1682 Words   |  7 Pagessurrounding the Anglo-American Atlantic slave trade stems directly from the publication of Eric Williams’ transformative Capitalism and Slavery in 1944. Dismantling with fierce efficacy the long-dominant interpretation of abolition as a function of humanitarian enlightenment, Williams’ thesis instead contends that after providing the material foundation and trade infrastructure for Europe’s industrial revolution, slavery had fulfilled its purpose and was thus replaced by capitalism as an economic modalityRead MoreKarl Marx s Influence On Society1149 Words   |  5 Pagesconsciousness. Marx was a unique sociologist who expressed his own ideas in various ways. Applying to Marx’s Theory towards slavery, it showed how the society use to be and how it impacted the slaves to be part of their culture to manifest the society. Slavery was based on consumerism through religion, capitalism, culture, and community to enrich the economy. Slavery had an huge impact towards the society due to their production of goods which were dominated by merchants and were being paidRead MoreSlavery, Colonialism and Capitalism783 Words   |  3 PagesSlavery, Colonialism and Capitalism, it can be said that there is a relationship between these three systems. There are many different views on this topic, the main views being the Liberal-pluralists and the Radical revisionists who understand this relationship from different perspectives. To prove the connection between these three systems that impacted many countries this essay shall make close reference to a number of sources. Cedric Robinson (1984: 57) discusses the fact that slavery lead toRead MoreTriangular trade.970 Words   |  4 PagesAnalyze the role of slavery and Triangular trade in the Colonial mercantile structure and for the primitive accumulation of Capital that allowed the take off of Capitalism? The slave trade originated in a shortage of labor in the New World. The first slaves used were Native American people, but they were not numerous enough and were being decimated by European cruelty and diseases. It was also impossible to convince enough Europeans to migrate to the colonies, despite attempts to distribute freeRead MoreDiscussion Board 41230 Words   |  5 Pagesworse when trade turned to from gold, ivory, cloth and guns to humans. What is meant by enslavement? Enslavements is the making slaves of your captives or forcibly dispossessing an owner of property (people). How did the plantation system make slavery a lucrative business? The plantation made slavery a lucrative business because slavery anchored merchant capitalism. The slaves enriched planters of cotton, tobacco, indigo, and sugar. What part did racism play in the treatment of the enslavedRead MoreCapitalism And The American Worker1331 Words   |  6 Pagescentury capitalism was on a rise and many writers had different perspectives on the positives and negatives of capitalism and how it shaped America. Thomas DiLorenzo who wrote How Capitalism Enriched the Working Class, focused on how the world became better because of capitalism. Melvyn Dubofsky’s Industrialism and the American Worker, focused on how the lives of working people were deteriorated because of the development of labor and what conditions these people faced. Douglas Blackmon’s Slavery by AnotherRead MoreIndustrial Revolution Essay1152 Words   |  5 PagesSlavery, new energy sources, global trade, and technology all contributed to Britain’s Industrial Revolution.  Jane Burbank and Frederick Cooper emphasize the importance of slavery for the development of the Industrial revolution and capitalism. 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Arrangements for Tesco Example For Free - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2186 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Case study Did you like this example? Essay Question: Research and evaluate the corporate governance arrangements for Tesco PLC Tesco Plc, one of the largest food and beverages retailers in the world is a non-cyclical company that has seen enormous investment from around the globe including Warren Buffets parent firm Berkshire Hathaway. On grounds of the companys established strategy and mature business model it is a recommended investment for the client. The report: Defines Corporate Governance Discusses Tescos governance structure Value drivers for corporate governance Corporate Governance: The fundamental pillar as to how corporations are run day to day and all stakeholder interests (shareholders, management, suppliers etc) are taken into consideration is referred to as Corporate Governance. The term encompasses the framework for internal controls that a company has in place to help management and those in charge of running the company to act in the best interests of the shareholders (CFA Institute, 2013). Principles relevant to Corporate Governance that achieve maximum shareholder wealth are attributed to three fundamentals (CFA Institute, 2013): Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Arrangements for Tesco Example For Free" essay for you Create order Ability of shareholders to voice their opinions and concerns in regard to running of the company with minimum hassle; and The management responsible for running the company acts in an ethical as well as an independent capacity towards all stakeholders of the company so as to ensure the most efficient running of the corporation Consistent high quality financial reporting so as to ensure investors are receiving all relevant information in a timely and verifiable manner that eventually results in maximum profitable allocation of resources and capital. Tesco PLC Structure of Governance Tescos operations around the globe have allowed it to develop a strong and fair framework for running the company across all the markets it operates in. The Board of Directors incorporating the Chairman, the Chief-Executive alongside Non-Executive Directors who provide independent appraisal of the vision of the company whilst adding insight to the strategy lies at the forefront of governance (Tesco, 2014). Furthermore, a senior Independent Director is also present on the Board to ensure all conflicts amongst management and shareholders are resolved in the interests of the shareholders which eventually prevents any agency problems or front running by the management in regard to the shareholder investments. The specialised tasks of running the company have called for segregations of major duties to respective committees in the corporation. At present Tesco Plc supports its vision with the help of five committees (Tesco, 2014). Tesco PLC Board Committees The major drivers of each committee alongside its evolvement over the years are summarised below. The Audit Committee: The committee is tasked to ensure that the risk management principles for the company are effective and are consistently updated to keep risk management of Tesco in line with its strategy (Tesco, 2014). Furthermore, interim audits and financial disclosures are verifiable and accurately presented to any person who demands knowledge of them. The Audit committee is also responsible for recommending the appointment of an independent external auditor for the yearly audit and conducting inquiries into management in regard to any investigative matter it deems fit (Tesco, 2014). Over the years the committee has hired external legal counsel to advice on matters that have raised concern. Corporate Governance Critique for Tesco Presence of knowledgeable financial experts to help the operating environment of the company External auditors appointed through shareholder participation and not by management decision Adherence report in regard to compliance with the UK Governance Code Continuous training of personnel on the committee to remain updated on matters of accountancy and finance The Remuneration Committee: The Remunerations committee is primarily responsible for determining the compensation agreements of senior management as well as analyse structure of compensations that needs to be extended out to Executive members so as to retain the most competent and diligent executive management for overseeing the company (Tesco, 2014). The committee sets out the incentive fee specifications for senior management as well as deliberates on the aptness of expenses that can be claimed by management so as to focus on long term profitability and not short term goals (Tesco, 2014). Corporate Governance Critique for Tesco Disclosures regarding share scheme payments to management are discussed in the Annual Reports or any other public document Clawback provisions are present to discourage management from participating in short term profitability at the expense of long term ones Use of external counsels and consultants to ensure no conflict arises in regard to compensation between management and the committee Outlining philosophy for compensation to management and shareholders so as to assess compensation in Best case and Worst case situations The Corporate Responsibility Committee: The committee was established in 2012 and incorporates the principles of the Companies Act 2006 to help govern its scope of operation (Tesco, 2014). The committee ensures Tesco acts in a sustainable manner to benefit the communities and environment. Moreover, it considers impact of corporate actions by Tesco or any of its subsidiaries on the ethical culture present across all its markets of operation. Corporate Governance Critique for Tesco Consistent and timely updates on ethical stances of Tesco throughout its financial year and implications of such actions on the communities Updating investor and consumer beliefs in regard to sustainable business model and sourcing of operations for Tesco Plc Develop strong communication channels to ensure investors are aware of business model and the company is living up to its reputation The Nominations Committee: The Nominations committee lies at the heart of the company. It is tasked primarily with all matters relevant to management. Acting in accordance with the Companies Act 2006, the committee ensures that executives on the board possess relevant skill to discharge duties, project a vision for the achievement of goals and the balance required between executive and the non-executive directors so as to maintain independence within the organisation (Tesco, 2014). Furthermore, the committee deals with regular appraisal of management so as to make sure the leadership quality of the board is not compromised. Since its development the committee has also taken up the responsibility to ensure that equitable nomination procedures are drawn and implemented on a firm wide basis as well as a smooth transition mechanism is prevalent for passing over of responsibility when managerial personnel change. Corporate Governance Critique for Tesco Presence of independent members ensure shareholder interests are at the forefront of discussion Linking management performance to compensation by means of regular appraisals helps Tesco ensure that it is extending out the most cost-effective expertise at every level The Disclosures Committee: The committee not only makes sure that consistency prevails in financial statements making them easily verifiable but also scrutinizes the annual reports to ensure that accounting estimates or policies are not inappropriate for treatment of various matters (including financial and operating leases) (Tesco, 2014). The committee also deals with incorporating a framework within the firm to handle material nonpublic information and how it is to be disclosed. Corporate Governance Critique for Tesco Helps ensure effective risk management with regard to insider information and assessing best course of action to dealing with speculations in the market Enhancing investor confidence by making sure that notes to the financial statements are comparable over periods of time The Corporate Governance framework at the Executive Management level is limited to the Board, the Boards composition and the committees formed to review their respective matters. To deal with corporate governance on a business strategy level Tesco ensures that each division possesses its own strategic plan to enhance performance and help achieve the companys vision. The committees can be thought of as being responsible for a distinct business segment of the company and at the moment are made up of the following (Tesco, 2014): Compliance Committee Multichannel Committee People Matters Group Property Strategy Committee Social Responsibility Committee Technology Committee Commercial Committee Given the nature of the work of such committees the overall oversight responsibility lies with the Chief Executive of the company. These add value by ensuring the laying down of a strategy for fulfillment of objectives. A brief critical outline for other minor stakeholders is also provided below. However, corporate governance should be more closely linked with management, the Board and shareholders. (CFA Institute, 2013). Customers Tescos Clubcard rewards programmes and the Finest Product range helps the mature company retain its trusted image. Customers see such aspects as the most value efficient means for satisfying their needs. A store format from hypermarkets to corner stores ensures that each store type caters to the unique needs of the community it is housed in. Tescos ability to house a multichannel leadership under one roof helps keep barriers to new entrants high and protect market share in the UK. Employees Tesco places immense importance on the skill and betterment of its employees. The company trained more than 250,000 employees last year in light of turning around the company. The employees are not only encouraged to suggest improvements in stores or company policies through Tescos feedback approach but are also made to feel as an intangible asset of the company by continuous investment in their betterment. Regulators Legislation has a huge impact on how Tesco conducts its businesses around the globe. The impact is further magnified when the companys policies are in the spotlight. Anti-competitive and employment legislation have affected Tesco the most over the years, whether in developing or developed markets (Tesco, 2014). For a better public image and to comply with local legislation Tesco actively hires from the local community where new stores are opened. Furthermore, Tesco actively participates in sustainability projects where its huge hypermarket stores open up so as to benefit the community. Suppliers Tescos significant market share allows it to obtain favorable terms from its suppliers from a monetary point of view whereas special teams such as the agricultural team within the corporation help make sure that the company obtains products of utmost quality from its suppliers (Tesco, 2014). Moreover, the protector line initiative by Tesco under which any wrongdoing on part of the supplier can be raised by the suppliers employees on behalf of Tesco would enable Tesco to improve its operations (Tesco, 2014). Having analysed the broad corporate governance framework prevalent at Tesco, improvements that can be instituted to reflect better corporate publicity and reputation are related to three main aspects of the company. The table below illustrates methods for strengthening the prevalent model. The Board Election policy of the Board members should be with staggered whilst keeping a majority of independent members at all times thus making sure that shareholders interests are paramount Related party transactions or any conflict of interest arising from people serving on the Board should be disclosed in all interim reports and annual reports The board should meet without the presence of the management so as to prevent any over riddance of independence Little or no barriers to communication with investors or shareholders should be prevalent Management Establish a Code of Ethics to dictate corporate culture of the firm Increased transparency of options, their exercise period and fees paid out to management for their services rendered (currently amounts disclosed in Financial Statements) Choosing the optimal peer group to benchmark performance so as to allow for the most meaningful comparison The use of company assets and property should be limited to circumstances as determined by shareholders and the usage as such should be disclosed at the Annual General Meeting Shareholders Use of different share classes with different voting powers are fully known to the shareholder Whether the company allows for shareholders to cast their vote in absence (proxy voting) Procedure for raising concerns at the Annual General Meeting Procedures that need approval from the shareholders prior to implementation by the management ( such as defenses in takeovers) Recommendation Summary The complex and ever-changing nature of Corporate Governance does not allow for a limited set of principles that govern the matters. The interpretation of the framework for the corporate governance lies with the collaborate interaction of the shareholders and the management. Given Tescos strong framework to delegate matters of public interest and scrutiny to committees independent of the Board and delegating internal strategy vision to segments within the corporation, Tesco successfully ensures that all stakeholder interests are looked after at all times. The continuous updating of the foundations that form the Corporate Governance framework allows the company to retain its strong customer base and investor confidence. The internal review and revamping of the companys strategic committees after the Horse-meat scandal ensure that the company strives to deliver the very best of responsibility at all levels. Given the responsibilities of various committees of the Board and a Cor porate Code of Ethics within the firm it is safe to conclude that the company has established an effective corporate governance framework. Reference List CFA Institute (2013). Corporate Finance Portfolio Management. USA: Wiley. Tesco PLC [2014] Annual Report [Online] Available from www.Tescoplc.com/files/pdf/reports/ar14/download_annual_report.pdf Bibliography Gray, I. Manson, S. (2011). The Audit Process. 5th ed. USA: South Western Cengage Learning. Hillier, D., Ross, S. Westerfield, R. (2010). Corporate Finance. 1st European Edition UK: McGraw-Hill Higher Education Robinson, T., Greuning,H., Henry,E. Broihahn, M. (2009). International Financial Statement Analysis. USA: John Wiley Sons Inc Seal, W., Garrison, R. Noreen, E. (2009). Management Accounting. UK: McGraw Hill Higher Education

Comparative study between commencement addresses Free Essays

By analyzing texture of speech and choice of content, we will observe that though the speakers are early Identical In age, choice of career and professional status; there Is disparity In the personae projected and ultimately the message delivered by them. The message in Jobs’ speech (Stanford university News, 2005) was to encourage the students to not be afraid to do what they love, and he arrived at this point by lugubriously narrating three stories of adversity from his life. Gates’ speech (Harvard gazette, 2007) In contrast was aimed to inspire the students to strive to reduce Inequity In the world, which he achieved by humorously recounting his exploits at Harvard and his thoughts on inequity. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparative study between commencement addresses or any similar topic only for you Order Now We notice here that despite similar situational influences, the two men try to present antithetic images of themselves by the tone of their speech and also by carefully filtering which aspects of their life they disclose (Leary, M. R. , Allen, A. B. , 2011, p. 1199). The first major difference is the tone of the speech; Jobs opts for a very solemn approach with few humorous departures while Gates Is very liberal in his use of humor which In fact forms a very Integral part of the first half of his speech. The second difference Is the kind of content In the speeches; Gates shares his thoughts on inequity, the journey of his arrival at this epiphany and his thoughts on how the problem could be tackled while Jobs divulges very personal stories about his adoption, getting fired from Apple and being diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. Due to the fact that Jobs’ speech contains more elements personal to himself, we see a very clear congruence of animator, author and principle and as a result his speech seems more authentic as compared to Gates’ speech (Montgomery, 2001 , p. 00). We discern this from the sense of passion and honesty which permeates throughout Jobs’ address, and the fact that he divulges stories of some of the lowest points in his life. This is a clear attempt to break free of the impression of himself as an ultra-successful businessman in the audience eyes, and instead replace that image with a more human one so that the audience can fully appreciate the struggles of his life and the truth about his success. As such we see that Gates seems more open to audience Interaction while Jobs seems to be In a ore pensive and distant mood which is apparent in both his vocalic and gestures. We can observe this distant mood of Jobs speech most clearly in his gestures, more specifically in his gaze and pause, because sentences are rarely uttered in a behavioral vacuum (Tim Wharton, 2009, p. 1). During Gates’ speech we see that he is very responsive to audience reaction, in that he always and looks up at the audience to accommodate for their applause. By contrast Jobs does not take this approach, he feature of the speech ties into the previous two we have discussed, and contributes o the personae that they are trying to project; Jobs’ being that of a solemn successful tech-enthusiast while Gates’ is that of a humorous successful philanthropist. These personae that they have constructed over the course of the speech are not superficial to the speech, but in fact play an important role in fulfilling the respective purposes of their speeches. The main aim of any commencement address is to inspire the audience in some way, be it to bring about a change in their lives or a change in the oral. Both Jobs and Gates have achieved the objective of inspiring the audience, but we have seen that they went about it very differently. Since Gates’ message is one of global proportions, he uses his fame and background as a philanthropist to convey his message and this is why the content of his message is structured around humor, but in contrast Jobs’ message is personal to each individual and so we see that in his speech he tries to be more personal himself to elicit the kind of response he wants. How to cite Comparative study between commencement addresses, Papers

Portfolio Management for Strategic Business Unit-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Portfolio Management for Strategic Business Unit. Answer: Introduction The physical and financial resources of an organization are often not adequate to meet all the project ideas of an organization. The organizations should ensure to invest in the right set of projects, which can be aligned with the Business Strategy of the organization. Evaluation of projects as a separate entity is not recommended within the context of Strategic Business Unit ( SBU) of an organization. The Project Portfolio Management has two process of project selection and prioritization of projects (Prez et al. 2017). The project should be selected from a pipeline of projects. It is important to prioritize from the project portfolio by deciding which projects require investment and which projects are required to be killed.The management of the portfolio of projects results in successful implementation of the projects, which sustain competitive advantage. It is of paramount importance to invest in the right set of projects for successful development of new products and for implemen tation of strategy successfully. The prioritizations of projects are essential because the resources of an organization are scarce and should be judiciously allotted. The management of project portfolio also determines the timing of implementation of a project. The resources are dependent on time and some projects are required to be completed first , thus projects are interdependent on each other. The projects are subjected to risks from both internal and external factors like schedule, cost, market and technological related risks (Hu and Szmerekovsky 2017). The screening methods for projects are adopted parameters are identified for acceptable risk like Monte Carlo Simulation. The BCG Matrix provides an overview of balanced Portfolio of projects. Projects can be grouped into Bread Butter, Pearl, White Elephant and Oyster under this matrix. Literature Review Overview of the project portfolio management The suspension or abandonment of projects are called killing of projects. There are projects, which are not aligned to the organizational mission, strategy and goals of the organization and there are projects whose proportion of funding is higher than the expected benefits. These projects require killing in order to effectively manage the project portfolio. There are various methodologies both financial models and non-financial models for selection of projects. However, multiple methods should be adopted for selection of projects because there are no best approach (Kerzner 2017). Cost-benefit evaluation methods like payback period, net present value, average rate of return and payback period and evaluating the economic return of a project are methods of the financial estimates of the investment in a project. Projects can also be classified into high, medium and low based on the competitive position of business and the attractiveness of the industry. The Strategic Bucket Model suggest s that projects should be categorized into spending buckets, and it should be analyzed if actual spending is consistent with the desired spending (Palermo 2017). The Comparative Approaches of Projects suggest identification of strategic objectives, each objective should have a weight and projects should be compared on basis of their contribution to each objective. The information systems plays a pivotal role in project management, for instance, the Project Decision Support Systems.The projects should not be killed instantly and bottleneck of project selection is loss of opportunity and involvement of time of management. Project selection Project portfolio management refers to a process, which is selected by an organization to achieve significant outcomes from a specific project (Linares et al. 2017). Portfolio management includes risk reward, project duration fund of the project and expected outcomes. In a project portfolio, management selection of the project is important from the pipeline projects. Selection of the project portfolio is associated with the organizational priorities. Selection of the project portfolio is a dynamic decision of a business makes the projects active. This selection of the project portfolio enables the business organization to revise their selected project. During the selection of the project, evaluation of the new project is done and a particular project is selected and prioritized. In a project selection, the organization focuses on the projects, which are time and cost effective with greater rate of success (Le and Nguyen 2008). It is important for an organization to meet the project p ortfolio in order to gain the corporate strategy. A systematic approach has been taken in order to carry out a successful project portfolio selection (Palermo 2017). This ensures the competitive advantages of an organization. Best practices are adopted in this systematic approach. Poor selection process of the project portfolio leads the organization to face failure in their project. Among the too many projects, it is crucial to select the project portfolio in a proper way to deliver the business strategy in a successful manner. Process model and Pipeline model of project selection This model focuses on the subjective and objective analysis during the project selection. On the other hand, pipeline model includes the development of vision and mission, analysis of the environment, analysis of the mission, strategic development and strategic implementation (Aiello and Gatti 2017). However, such two models are essential during the project selection process. This model enables the business organization to identify the critical success factors and key business activities for the selection of a project. Project prioritization Suspending of a project is one of the crucial activities of project portfolio management. However, the existing project is killed in the in project prioritization process. Projects those are outside the organizational mission and unrelated to the goals and strategy of the organization are excluded in the project prioritization process. Cost benefit evaluation is a crucial part of the project portfolio management. This evaluation focuses on the profit that is executed from the initial investment in a project after a period. For the project, prioritization market research is crucial. However, a proper market research enables the business organization to forecast the demand of the new service and products in the current market (Guan et al. 2017). Focus group analysis is another part of the market research. Budget allocation is a major step of project prioritization. This allows each department of a business to invest according to their own priority (Shah et al. 2017). Spreadsheet based project scoring is helpful to carry out the project with low price. Value based collaborative approach in project prioritization is effective to set the business goal and reduce politics within a project. Resources for the project portfolio management Financial resources, human resources, equipment and the capacity are the major resources of portfolio management (Kerzner 2017). For a business portfolio management financial resources is crucial as without investment no project can be developed. Therefore, human resources are required to manage the entire operation process in the development of project portfolio. Equipment or technology is most crucial for the success of any project. However, by utilizing the advanced technology an organization is able to manage their project portfolio quickly and easily. On the other hand, emerging technology, geographical barrier, market trend and political barrier often generate risk for the portfolio management. Strategic bucket model Strategic bucket model includes strategy, project bucket, gap analysis, identification of spending and project ranking. These components are required to make a complete portfolio (Hu and Szmerekovsky 2017). Strategy bucket is required to establish a framework of a business project. On the other hand, money is crucial to implement the adopted strategy. Determination of the spending is essential for the cost benefit analysis. However, a gap analysis allows the organization to identify the loopholes in the portfolio management. Case study analysis in context of Starbucks Starbucks Corporation is a popular American coffee organization established in Washington. This organization has 23, 768 stores worldwide. This organization is considered as the prime representative of the second wave coffee. This organization offers variety of coffees in their organization with high quality. Brad coffee, bottled cold drink and ice-cream of Starbucks are available in the grocery stores. A business includes product portfolio as it has a range of products (Prez et al. 2017). Development and management of the product portfolio is a big problem for a business as allocation of the proper investment is necessary. In the context of Starbucks by using BGC matrix, the product portfolio can be analyzed. BGC includes star, cash cow, question mark and dog, which are the major market segments. Stars focuses on the high growth of the products. In this segment, the business can compare with its competitors and heavy investment is required in this segment (Aiello and Gatti 2017). Ca sh cow highlights on the low growth of the products with high market share. Here little investment needed. Question mark is related to low market share with high growth of market. In this segment, business requires substantial investment. Finally dog refers to low market share with low growth of products. Enough cash is generated in this field. In the context of Starbucks, coffee and packed foods operate in high growth market and ensure the high share. As a result, from these products high amount of cash generates. Hence, this organization needs more investment to promote such products. Tea operates in the market having high growth with low share. Starbucks is famous for their coffee products. Twingings is the major competitors of Starbucks in terms of tea quality. However, Starbucks tea includes inferior quality. For this product Starbucks needs to identify the reason of low market share and to develop strategies to enhance the market share. Mug is another product of Starbucks operates in low growth market with high market share. This means such products are well established and generates good cash flow. Based on the seasonal trends these products can provide a good profit to Starbucks. Finally, packaged coffee beans are operating in low market share with low growth. As a result, these products cannot generate much profit for this organization (Starbucks.in. 2017). Conclusion The above study focuses on the portfolio management in the business project. It has been received that portfolio management includes project selection and project prioritization. Therefore, in the context of Starbucks BCG matrix has been applied to understand their product portfolio management. On the other hand, it has been found that their coffee and packed foods operate in the Stars position of the BCG matrix, which need more investment. However, a significant amount of cash flow has been received from the tea product of Starbucks. On the other hand, packaged coffee beans operate in low growth market with low share thus; Starbucks does not get good cash flow from such segment. References Le, C.M. and Nguyen, V.T., 2008.Strategy for project portfolio selection in private corporations in Vietnam. Handelshgskolan vid Ume universitet. Linares, J., Melendez, K., Flores, L. and Dvila, A., 2017, October. Project Portfolio Management in Small Context in Software Industry: A Systematic Literature Review. InTrends and Applications in Software Engineering: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Software Process Improvement (CIMPS 2017)(Vol. 688, p. 45). Springer. Palermo, T., 2017. Risk and performance management.The Routledge Companion to Accounting and Risk, p.137. Aiello, L. and Gatti, M., 2017. Project Portfolio Management and Organization: An Integrated and Circular Model. InProject Portfolio Management Strategies for Effective Organizational Operations(pp. 288-309). IGI Global. Guan, D., Guo, P., Hipel, K.W. and Fang, L., 2017. Risk reduction in a project portfolio.Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering,26(1), pp.3-22. Shah, S., Naghi Ganji, E. and Coutroubis, A., 2017, May. Development of NPD portfolio management in project based environments. InAdvances in Manufacturing Technology XXXI: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Manufacturing Research, Incorporating the 32nd National Conference on Manufacturing Research, September 57, 2017, University of Greenwich, UK(Vol. 6, p. 409). IOS Press. Kerzner, H., 2017.Project management metrics, KPIs, and dashboards: a guide to measuring and monitoring project performance. John Wiley Sons. Hu, Q.J. and Szmerekovsky, J., 2017. Project Portfolio Selection: A Newsvendor Approach.Decision Sciences,48(1), pp.176-199. Oosthuizen, C., 2017.Project portfolio management best practice and implementation: A South African perspective(Doctoral dissertation, Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University). Prez, F., Gmez, T., Caballero, R. and Liern, V., 2017. Project portfolio selection and planning with fuzzy constraints.Technological Forecasting and Social Change. Starbucks.in. 2017.Starbucks. [online] Available at: https://www.starbucks.in/ [Accessed 13 Nov. 2017].